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Aristotle’s philosophy on happiness and its meaning to educate Vietnamese today
Introduction. This article focuses on clarifying Aristotle’s views on happiness. The objective is to describe the development of the idea of happiness from ancient times to the present to explain the role of happiness in social life. Every person needs happiness, and every society wants to achieve it. Aristotle considered happiness to be a human epistemological process. Happiness plays a vital role in human life’s purpose. Happiness is also a right that every person should have in their life.
The purpose is to find out the content of happiness and the method to achieve happiness for people, especially Vietnamese people, in the process of global integration. They are educating people toward a happy life.
Materials and methods. Based on the study of Aristotle’s Nicomaque Ethics to clarify the happiness category. The work played a pivotal role in Aristotle’s determination of happiness. The article uses materialist dialectic to explain arguments about happiness expressed by Aristotle in ten separate books and based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum. In addition, the article uses analytical and synthetic methods to clarify the point of happiness in the history of human philosophical thought from ancient, medieval, and modern times thereby drawing the content of Aristotle’s view of happiness.
Results and discussions. Aristotle was the first to address happiness and research on happiness. He affirmed that happiness is a need, a good nature of human beings. Happiness is considered under moral value as a criterion to evaluate a person’s virtue, so it has moral significance. Happiness is human action in life towards beauty. Happiness is also a cognitive ability in humans; through training, training, and education, people can achieve the value of happiness. Therefore, it is necessary to educate people to achieve happiness; however, the happiness of Aristotle is from a spiritual perspective. Meanwhile, material life plays a vital role in shaping the concept of human happiness. Therefore, Aristotle has not mentioned the decisive role of material life. At the same time, happiness is the factor that individuals do well, society is also good, but the part of social happiness places on the individual’s view of happiness.
Practical significance. Clarifying Aristotle’s perspective on happiness, the article points out the amount of socio-economic development orientation from a macro perspective in building a happy Vietnam. The nation’s happiness is the development of both material and spiritual factors. On that basis, personal happiness is the cause of national construction and renovation. Since then, for Vietnam to be happy, it is necessary to improve the people’s role as the master of the country, to take the people as the root. It is essential to educate Vietnamese people comprehensively so they realize that their happiness is closely related to the people’s happiness in the cause of building the nation’s happiness. The third is educating people about the spirit of building happiness in the government associated with the country’s socio-economic development because the happiness of the Vietnamese people is to ensure material and spiritual benefits for the Vietnamese people.
Keywords: Aristotle, happiness, human, philosophy, ethics
For Reference: Bui, D. X., & Pham, K. T. (2022). Aristotle’s philosophy on happiness and its meaning to educate Vietnamese today. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovania – Perspectives of Science and Education, 60 (6), 475-490. doi: 10.32744/pse.2022.6.28
Information about the authors:
Dung Xuan Bui (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) - Faculty of High Quality Training. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education. E-mail: dungbx@hcmute.edu.vn. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8323-6443 Kien Thi Pham (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) - University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City. E-mail: kienpt@ueh.edu.vn. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8024-8679
The dual mediating effect of mindfulness and hope between gratitude and happiness of high school students in Korea: the moderated mediation effect of the growth mindset
Introduction. In Korea, high school students are very low in happiness because they possess many worries about better university entrance and career development. The purpose of this study was to focus on increasing happiness by examining whether the growth mindset moderates the dual mediating effects of mindfulness and hope between gratitude and happiness.
Study participants and methods. The participants of this research were male (50.6%) and female (49.4%) among 435 high school students, and 86.2% of the participants lived in small and medium-sized cities, Dong and Eup. As for parental occupations, sales, service, and production jobs accounted for the most, at 32.2%. The household income level was medium for 51.0% of the participants, and 64.1% had dual-income parents. The SPSS Win. 25 and the PROCESS macro 3.5. were used for data analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, mean comparison analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis were conducted.
Results. First, there was significant positive correlation between all of the variables. Gratitude and happiness had the highest correlation coefficient (r=.494, p<.01), followed by mindfulness and happiness (r=.452, p<.01), and then gratitude and happiness (r=.451, p<.01). Second, the growth mindset moderates the relationship between gratitude and mindfulness. Third, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → mindfulness → happiness in both the M and M+SD conditions. Fourth, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → hope → happiness. Fifth, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → mindfulness → hope → happiness in M and M+SD conditions.
Practical significance. These results will contribute to developing a model to increase happiness by using growth mindset in high school students.
Keywords: mindfulness, hope, gratitude, happiness, growth mindset
For Reference: Shin, E. M., & Lee, Ch. S. (2021). The dual mediating effect of mindfulness and hope between gratitude and happiness of high school students in Korea: the moderated mediation effect of the growth mindset. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovania – Perspectives of Science and Education, 54 (6), 363-373. doi: 10.32744/pse.2021.6.24
Information about the authors:
Eun Mi Shin (South Korea, Seosan city) - Academic and Research Professor, Doctor of Counseling. Instructor, Department of Child and Adolescent Counseling and Psychology. Hanseo University. E-mail: smslovess@naver.com. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0526-0920 Chang Seek Lee (South Korea, Seosan city) - Ph.D., Professor. Department of Health, Counseling and Welfare. E-mail: lee1246@hanmail.net
The influence of mindfulness and gratitude on the happiness of high school students: grit’s moderated mediation model
Introduction. The happiness index of children and adolescents in Korea is very low, ranking 20th out of 22 OECD countries. Further, Korean high school students, who are at a critical juncture in their careers, have lower levels of happiness. There is a need for research to promote happiness among this cohort. Therefore, this study aimed to suggest a plan to improve happiness by investigating whether gratitude mediates the influence of mindfulness on happiness and whether grit moderates this mediating effect.
Study participants and methods. The participants of this study were high school students, who are in the most critical period in terms of their career choice. Three cities and counties in Korea, and three high schools in each city and county, were selected through a random sampling method. Next, the high school students to be surveyed were selected using a purposive sampling method in consideration of gender, grade, etc. Ultimately, 435 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The participants were evenly distributed along gender lines with 220 males (50.6%) and 215 females (49.4%). Of the sample, 376 people (86.6%) lived in small and medium-sized cities while 59 people (13.6%) lived in rural areas. Of the survey participants, 377 (86.7%) lived with both parents and 58 (13.3%) lived with single parents or grandparents. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5. The statistical methods used were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and a moderated mediation effect analysis.
Results. First, according to the correlation analysis, mindfulness was positively correlated with grit (r=.368, p<.01), gratitude (r=.188, p<.01), and happiness (r=.452, p<.01). Gratitude and happiness had the highest correlation coefficient (r=.494, p<.01), followed by mindfulness and happiness (r=.452, p<.01).
Second, the moderated mediation effect of grit was analyzed. In the effect of mindfulness on happiness through gratitude, the conditional indirect effect of grit was significant, based on the fact that there was no ‘0’ in the upper and lower limits of the bootstrap when the value of grit was high (M+SD) (.6210, .0777~.2512). Therefore, the moderated mediation effect of grit was verified. Grit played a moderating role in increasing the influence of mindfulness on happiness via gratitude only when grit was high.
Practical significance. The results of this study can inform the development of programs and projects to promote happiness by applying mindfulness, gratitude, and grit to children and adolescents. It will also help contribute to the development of research methods through the integrated use of mediation and moderation variables.
Keywords: mindfulness, gratitude, grit, happiness, moderated mediation model
For Reference: Lee, Ch. S. (2021). The influence of mindfulness and gratitude on the happiness of high school students: grit’s moderated mediation model. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovania – Perspectives of Science and Education, 52 (4), 358-369. doi: 10.32744/pse.2021.4.23
Information about the author:
Chang Seek Lee (Seosan city, South Korea) - Professor, Doctor of Philosophy, Chairman. Department of Health, Counseling and Welfare. E-mail: lee1246@hanmail.net. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9222-0953
Gratitude influences happiness through mindfulness in Korean high school students: the moderated mediation model of grit
Introduction. There are many ways to enhance happiness for people. Recently, mindfulness, gratitude and grit contribute to several psychological areas such as wellbeing and success. In addition, Korean high school students suffer from hard work like university entrance examination. Therefore, it is important to study the new ways to increase happiness using recently emerging psychological variables.
The purpose of the study aimed to determine whether grit moderates the mediating effect of mindfulness in the association between gratitude and happiness targeting high school students in Korea.
Study participants and methods. The participants were 435 high school students purposively selected from four high schools at Seosan city, Chungnam province in Korea. There was 50.6% for males and 49.4% for females, and men and women were evenly distributed. In this case, the 3rd grade was 71.3%, more than 28.7% of 2nd grade, and 1st grade was not included in the survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5. The statistical techniques applied were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and a moderated mediation effect analysis.
Results. First, as a result of correlation analysis, happiness was significantly positively correlated with gratitude (r=.494, p<.001), grit (r=.299, p<.001) and mindfulness (r=.452, p<.001), and the correlation between happiness and gratitude showed the highest coefficient. Second, as a result of the moderated mediation effect analysis, the grit moderated the mediating effect of mindfulness in the link between gratitude and happiness (.6118, .0311~.1806).
Practical significance. Based on these findings, this study discussed methods for improving the happiness of high school students through the gratitude, grit and mindfulness. Therefore, this results will be useful to policy making and program development for happiness.
Keywords: gratitude, grit, mindfulness, happiness, high school student, moderating mediation model, conditional indirect effect
For Reference: Lee, Ch. S. (2020). Gratitude influences happiness through mindfulness in Korean high school students: the moderated mediation model of grit. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovania – Perspectives of Science and Education, 48 (6), 334-344. doi: 10.32744/pse.2020.6.26
Information about the author:
Chang Seek Lee (South Korea, Seosan city) - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Department of Health, Counseling and Welfare. Hanseo University. E-mail: lee1246@hanmail.net. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9222-1953.
Depression and happiness of high school students: the dual mediating effects of suicidal ideation and gratitude
Introduction. The happiness of adolescents in Korea is the lowest among OECD countries. In particular, high school students is behind the happiness due to college entrance-oriented education. Academic interest in happiness of high school students is needed. This study examined whether depression significantly affects happiness by way of suicidal ideation and gratitude of high school students in South Korea, and suggests ways to increase happiness through gratitude.
Materials and methods. 4 high schools in S city in Korea were selected as study area for survey and from them 435 participants were purposively selected. Participants was 50.6% for males and 49.4% for females. Grade distribution was 28.7% in 2nd grade and 71.3% in 3rd grade. The statistical methods used in this study were frequency, reliability, correlation, and dual mediating effect analysis using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25 and PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5.
Results. Firstly, depression had a positive association with suicidal ideation (r=.703, p<.001), but had a negative association with gratitude (r=-.305, p<.001), and happiness (r=-.656, p<.001), with the highest correlation coefficient between depression and suicidal ideation (r=.703, p<.001). Secondly, the simple mediation effect of gratitude in the link between depression and happiness was observed (-.0918, -.1532 ~ -.0322). Thirdly, the dual mediating effect of suicidal ideation and gratitude in the link between depression and happiness was verified (-.0382, -.0801 ~ -.0225).
Conclusion. This research could contribute to solving the negative relationship between depression and happiness through the two mediators, suicidal ideation and gratitude. This study provided the basis for a further research to enhance happiness by utilizing gratitude for adolescents with severe depression and high suicidal ideation.
Keywords: depression, suicidal ideation, gratitude, happiness, high school student, dual mediating effect
For Reference: Shin, E. M., & Lee, Ch. S. (2020). Depression and happiness of high school students: the dual mediating effects of suicidal ideation and gratitude. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovania – Perspectives of Science and Education, 48 (6), 324-333. doi: 10.32744/pse.2020.6.25
Information about the authors:
Eun Mi Shin (South Korea, Seosan city) - Doctor of Counseling, Academic and Research Professor. Department of Child and Adolescent Counseling and Psychology. Hanseo University. E-mail: smslovess@naver.com. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0526-0920. Scopus ID: smslovess@naver.com. Reseacher ID: smslovess@naver.com Chang Seek Lee (South Korea, Seosan city) - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Department of Health, Counseling and Welfare. Hanseo University. E-mail: lee1246@hanmail.net. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9222-1953. Scopus ID: lee1246@hanmail.net. Reseacher ID: lee1246@hanmail.net
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